Origen

Origen was born in Alexandria around 185 and died around 254 at Tyre, after suffering torture in the persecution under the emperor Decius. Britannica calls him the most important theologian and biblical scholar of the early Greek church.

His Hexapla set six versions of the Old Testament side by side, a landmark of textual scholarship. On First Principles was the first systematic Christian theology, and Against Celsus answered a pagan critic. He favored allegorical readings of Scripture, and some of his speculative ideas were condemned by church councils long after his death.

In On First Principles he read Isaiah 14:12, the fall of Helel, the 'day star, son of the dawn,' together with Luke 10:18, where Jesus sees Satan fall like lightning. He took both as describing the fall of a once-glorious power, which helped turn 'Lucifer,' the Latin name for the morning star, into a name for the devil. He also cited the Book of Enoch, while noting that churches did not accept it as Scripture.