Credible Theories
One history · chapter 5 of 11

The Teachers: Oannes, the Apkallu and the Watchers as Instructors

Before the Flood · kingship comes to Eridu, 432,000 years before the Flood (Berossus)

A thought experiment

This series asks what history looks like if the old texts are records, not myths. Each claim rests on a quoted text. It is a reading, not an established fact.

Not every faction wanted humans kept down. A mission is sent to teach. Jubilees says the Watchers came down "that they should instruct the children of men." Babylon remembers seven sages who came out of the sea, the first of them Oannes, who taught writing, law, farming and building by day and went back into the water at night. Kingship itself "descended from heaven" to the first city, Eridu.

The teaching came as objects as well as lessons. Inanna carried more than a hundred "me," the powers of civilization, from Enki's city to hers in the Boat of Heaven. The angel Uriel dictated a calendar to Enoch. Enoch was taken up alive to learn the machinery of the sky, and the same man is Idris in the Quran and Hermes in the Greek-Egyptian tradition.

What the texts say

Jubilees 4:15 · CharlesThe angels of the Lord descended on the earth, those who are named the Watchers, that they should instruct the children of men.
Berossus · Cory 1832He gave them an insight into letters and sciences, and arts of every kind.
Sumerian King List"After the kingship descended from heaven, the kingship was in Eridu."
Genesis 5:24 · Quran 19:57And Enoch walked with God: and he was not; for God took him. / And We raised him to high station.

Questions people ask about The teachers

Who was Oannes?

Oannes is the first of Babylon's seven sages in the history of the priest Berossus. He came out of the sea, taught writing, law, farming and building by day, and went back into the water at night. Berossus says he gave people 'an insight into letters and sciences, and arts of every kind'.

Did the Watchers come to teach humans?

Jubilees 4:15 says so: the Watchers 'descended on the earth… that they should instruct the children of men.' In 1 Enoch they later go wrong. This chapter treats the teaching mission and the defection as two stages of one story.

Where did kingship first come down from heaven?

The Sumerian King List says 'after the kingship descended from heaven, the kingship was in Eridu.' Berossus dates the start of the kings to 432,000 years before the Flood, the date this chapter uses.

Sources in this chapter

  1. Jubilees 4:15 · Charles · full passage
  2. Berossus · Cory 1832
  3. Sumerian King List · full passage
  4. Genesis 5:24 · Quran 19:57 · full passage

Updated